At the end of the last century, another English physicist, Oliver Heavyside, published a small dissertation work with the characteristic title "About the Electromagnetic and Gravitational Analogy" [4]. This was the first published research that laid the foundation for the general theory of electrogravitational dynamics. In line with the analogy of electric charge and electric field, in gravidynamics mass is regarded as a gravitational charge, which creates a gravitational field. In electrodynamical processes both an electric field and a magnetic field, without which oscillations are not possible, play a role. To complete the analogy for gravidynamics, we need to introduce some kind of new field. Any particle is characterized by four basic attributes: electric charge, mass, magnetic moment, and spin. Three well known fields, which are induced by particles, correspond to the first three basic characteristics. It is then natural to accept that the fourth field should be generated by spin, and therefore it was called by V.L.Dyatlov [11] the spin field. In this case the analogy for electromagnetic fields will lie in the existence of gravity-spin waves. The gravidynamic equations, being similar to electrodynamic equations, describe these oscillations.
When like electrical charges repel one another, during which their gravitational analog - mass - experiences attraction, the sign in the equations changes and imparts new qualities to the gravity-spin waves.
In the work of V. L. Dyatlov [5] it is shown that heat energy, more commonly referred to as low potential energy , is capable of being transformed into gravity-spin energy, and that energy, in turn, can changed into mechanical and electromagnetic energy, i.e., into high potential energy. Thus, in contrast from electromagnetic processes, gravity-spin waves are capable of lowering entropy.
The enumerated properties of gravity-spin
waves would deserve a great deal of attention, if they carried any significant
amount of energy in themselves. The American physicist O.D. Efimenko, who
made an important contribution to electrogravitational dynamics, mentioned
one such example in his monograph [6]. A ring, with a mass of 1kg and a
radius of 1 m and which is oscillating with an amplitude of 1 rad and at
a frequency of 1 Hz creates a gravitational wave with an amplitude of 1,2×10-36
m/s2 and a spin wave with an amplitude of 4×10-45
1/s, the power of the wave equaling 2,3×10-45
W.
In any polarized medium, including a physical
vacuum, subjecting the medium to some sort of field cause an induction
field to result. In electrodynamics, as in gravidynamics, it was always
thought, that induction is determined by the corresponding field only.
V. L. Dyatlov brought forth a hypothesis, according to which electrical
and magnetic induction in any medium depends on not only the corresponding
electrical and magnetic fields, but also on the gravitational and spin
fields with their own permeability coefficients [1]. The reciprocal of
this is that gravitational and spin induction is determined not only by
gravitational and spin fields, but also by electrical and magnetic fields.
As a result, cross-linkages arise between gravity-spin and electromagnetic
waves.
As all experimental physics has shown,
the coefficients of the cross-linkages for the processes in the accustomed
homogeneous vacuum, if they exist at all, are so small that we cannot observe
the linkages between the electromagnetic and gravity-spin processes. However,
processes exist, in which these linkages appear to be strong. It is this
explanation of such processes that we will soon discuss.
The four stated equations represent Maxwell’s
equations for classical physics for the vector-functions of the intensity
of electrical and magnetic fields E,
H, for
the vector-functions of electrical and magnetic inductions D,
B.
They are completed by an algebraic correlation,
which corresponds to Ohm’s law, and by another two algebraic relations
connecting inductions and intensities:
In these expressions are the vector-functions of gravitational Eg and spin Hg field intensities, which are justified by Heavyside’s equations. Electrical permittivity e1 and magnetic permeability µ1 differ from zero only in the heterogeneous physical vacuum of Dyatlov. For a homogeneous physical vacuum these values equate to zero and we obtain Maxwell’s equations for classical physics, which are not connected in any way with Heavyside’s equations.
We will notice, that the additional components
in Ohm’s law, generated by the conduction of gravitational charge and the
mechanical transport of electrical charge, are negligibly small in comparison
with the first components, corresponding to the classical form of Ohm’s
law.
Now we should write down Heavyside’s equations
for the gravitational and spin fields and inductions Dg,
Bg :
The following algebraic expressions are justified for both gravitational current and fields:
In contrast with electrical current, gravitational current basically is determined by a mechanical transfer of gravitational charge, the density of which is the mass density, therefore we place the corresponding current at zero.
Because transfer velocity v enters into the equations of electrogravitational dynamics, in order to complete this system of equations (1)-(14) we need to include equations of the mechanics of continuous mediums:
In another combination of these same equations we can obtain a correlation for the induction of a gravitational field:
Working through analogous transforms of equations (4) and (9), and now multiplying them by the corresponding magnetic permeabilities, we obtain the following:
We now look to the system of equations (6) and (13), and express the electrical intensity through induction of electrical and gravitational fields:
Here the relations are used :
The transforms that we have worked out allow us to write down the equations of electrogravitational dynamics in terms of the induction of fields:
Mechanical equations (15) and (16) which
did not change at all allow us to express the amount of movement through
induction.
From here it reasons that scalar functions j, jg, called potentials, satisfying the below correlations, should exist:
The last two expressions constitute the solution of equations (24) and (26). They allow us to exclude the electrical and gravitational induction from equations (21) and (25):
We look now at equations (22) and (28),
which can be now written thus:
Second-order operators, as it is well known, are transformed thus:
Remaining somewhat arbitrary in the choice of potentials, we will require that they are satisfied.
While trying to explain such strange events, like ball lightning and other similar phenomena joined by the term UFO, which are currently unexplainable by modern science, Dyatlov provided still another hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, in discontinuities, which he called vacuum domains, the cross-linkages have an order of one [1]. From reading a later publication of V. l. Dyatlov, which was encouraged by the research of A. N. Dmitriev, who for a long period of time studied a special group of anomalous occurrences, which he called natural self-shining formations, not only because of eyewitness accounts and reports made by ADA headquarters, but also due to results which were repeatedly observed. These phenomena and research are explained in detail in publications [9], [10].
The property of a vacuum domain to become
polarized in an electrical field allows it to add a certain amount of gas
possessing polarized properties. And although these linkages are weak and
are easily disrupted, in many cases these very linkages materialize a vacuum
domain.
The presence of positive and negative
gravitational charges gives the vacuum a polarization property in a gravitational
field, that, apart from everything else, permits an explanation of the
nature of a gravitational current of displacement, arising in gravitational
waves.
In his work [11] V. L. Dyatlov gives a
high assessment of gravitational polarization of a physical vacuum in the
gravitational field of the Earth. By this account, 108 kg of
negative mass is concentrated onto the upper surface of a cubic volume
which is 1 decimeter in size and subjected to a gravitational field, whereas
the same amount positive mass is concentrated onto the lower surface of
the cubic volume.
To concure with the observations made of the properties of ball lightning, one must assume that only some elementary vacuum particles can have defects, which supply themselves with the property of gravitational polarization. In the remaining space the vacuum remains neutral. These defects, being built into the structure of a homogeneous physical vacuum, provide themselves with some kind of polarized responsiveness, the height of which depends on the concentration of defects.
Using the observations taken above ball lightning (poltergeist effect) of the sufficient negative mass generated to turn over dishes, but not enough to turn over furniture, we should accept the strength of the gravitational polarization to be equal to 1 kg. A physical vacuum will possess such a polarization with a concentration of defects measuring 10-8.
The model of local defects proposes that the defects themselves are uniformly distributed in some sort of limited volume, i.e. in the vacuum domain, and that, which we interpret as the motion of the vacuum, represents the migration of defects in the structure homogeneous vacuum. Judging by the behavior of the ball lightning, it follows to assume, that in small volumes defects form a comparatively stable structure, which moves along the gradients of the field to which it is subjected, according to the homogeneous vacuum, as a whole entity. When dealing with larger volumes acted upon by strong fields, the vacuum domain can change its form, e.g., it stretches out, and the concentration of defects during this change can increase.
We are easily lead to describe the defects and the structure, arising in the vacuum domain, based on the similarities found in a crystal. However, while doing this, one should keep in mind that defects in a crystal are vacancies, but the crystal structure is preserved on account of the part of the crystal without the defects. In a vacuum domain defects, generating discontinuities according to Dyatlov’s model, represent the products of the splitting of elementary particles - Terletskii’s quadrigae. Here these material defects are equipped to form a stable structure, which represents the body of the vacuum domain. In the internal volume of the polarized medium at any degree of the polarization charges of one sign turn out to be compensated by charges of the opposite sign and only on the surface of the volume appear uncompensated charges, which determine many of the properties of the vacuum domain.
The hypothesis about the interconnections and about the defects in the vacuum, as with any hypothesis, supports itself with the method of proving it. It allows us to build a physical and material model of the process, the comparison of which with observations permits judging of the veracity of the hypothesis in accordance with a real event.
The vacuum domains come to us from the cosmos. Solving the electrostatics problem demonstrates how, by measure of the closeness to Earth, the domain electrically polarized [11]. At an altitude of 15,000 km the potential difference attains the breakdown value. The resulting discharge leads to a thermal explosion. The vacuum domains itself does not suffer from any damage, but the gas trapped by the domain, either partially or completely scatters.
After the explosion the domain, under the influence of a gravitational field gradient, approaches the Earth and effects signals on the ADA radio systems of all countries, and is called an angel or a sprite, depending on the language spoken by the radio operators. A descriptive picture may be drawn from the understanding of the reality of so-called cosmic ice [12]. In the volume of the vacuum domain Maxwell’s and Heavyside’s equations form a connected system. The direct solution of this system, presented in the following chapter, finds a mutual transformation of the gravity-spin and electromagnetic waves. As applied to the cylindrical water wave the picture is schematically shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 1.
Modeling the sinusoid according to the amplitude corresponds to a propagating electrical wave, which can cause phosphorescence in the gas present. The magnetic wave orthogonal to the electric wave does not happen for the sake of simplicity. The specific character of this electromagnetic wave lies in the fact that its amplitude and, respectively, its energy are periodically brought to a value of zero according to the spatial coordinates. The electromagnetic wave is transformed into the gravity-spin wave, which has the same appearance, but it is phase-shifted such that their total energy is constantly conserved. In contrast to the interference caused by the close proximity of two waves identical in nature, in the given case the antinode of the wave doesn’t move. The transverse planes, passing through the nodes, can project outward as the borders of a fixed vacuum domain.
We compare this computational model with the observations. Among the many models of ball lightning the model of Nobel laureate P. L. Kapitsa [13] is presented as the most interesting. According to his model ball lightning represents a resonator of electromagnetic waves. This model did not obtain the distinct properties of the volume occupied by ball lightning, and of the source of energy which excites and supports oscillations.
As we can see, the vacuum domain in combination with an incident gravity-spin wave makes the model of Kapitsa complete. During this time the same model attests to the existence of vacuum defects, to the benefit of the accepted hypothesis.
Available pictures of jagged lightning [14] exhibit a surprising coincidence with the picture, represented in Figure 1.
A vacuum domain in a gravitational field of the Earth is subject to gravitational polarization, that creates a strong localized change in the gravitational field, which is sufficient to turn over dishes or move furniture. In combination with this capability to pass through a wall or a closed window and to carry an electrical charge, a vacuum domain can fully explain all phenomena ascribed to poltergeist.
In several descriptions of rays, emitted by "flying saucers" is mentioned their ability to penetrate non-transparent objects. In Figure 4 is shown the schematic, explaining this event. The gravity-spin phasing of oscillations, for which all objects are transparent, falls on the object. Then the gravity-spin waves become visible electromagnetic waves.
As applied to an ellipsoidal volume, the picture of the vertical antinode and node locations of the electromagnetic wave has a view shown in Fig.2.
Fig.2.
Fig.3.
Fig.4.
The air flow inside the funnel is directed
downward and reaches high velocities, while in the walls the air is spiraling
up with velocities about 100-200 m/sec.
In [21] Flora writes that the speed differences
between the wind in funnel and steady air on it’s periphery may be
so abrupt that they cause striking events.
A funnel uprooted the apple tree, tearing
it to pieces. A beehive standing a couple of meters from it was left safe
[24].
A two-story timber house was taken off
with it’s inhabitants and torn to pieces. A staircase of three stairs
led to the door with a bench leaning against it. Both, bench and staircase
were not moved. The funnel also torn off to wheels of a car standing by,
not moving the car itself , while an oil lamp which stood near on a table
under a tree , still kept burning [25].
Direct wind speed measurements lack mainly because of instruments wreckage . Indirect estimates give different magnitudes from 200 to 1300 km/h . Such range of magnitudes is explainable because estimates belong to different funnels at different stages of their existence.
The ability of objects to penetrate the other ones is also being referred to high rotation speeds. A small pebble punctures a glass like a bullet without forming fractures. One board penetrates the other without shattering it. A timber house wall is found punctured by an old charred plank , with it’s porous tip staying undamaged. A clover leaf was found pressed into a hard stucco wall. A 1.5 inches gate frame was found punctured by a piece of wood [26].
When a funnel touches the ground or water surface, a pillar of dust or water arises at the funnel’s foot and then falls down to the earth, forming a cascade. By Wegener’s opinion this dust or water cascade exists due to a circular vortex appearing around the funnel’s foot. Sometimes the cascade’s height reaches 2/3 of the funnel’s height, and sometimes it’s width may exceed the funnel height. Both these cases cannot be explained by the funnel collision with the ground or water surface. Sometimes the funnel is surrounded by a second wall, forming a collar or envelope, also rotating with high speed.
Sometimes, but rarely, the funnel has large
round thickenings making it look like beads [27].
Almost always, especially in the first
stages , the funnel touches the ground only at separate points and moves
jumpwise .
Crossing a river , a funnel pulls up such
a quantity of water, that it uncovers the river bed, forming a trench in
the water. Such phenomena were seen on Mississippi and Moscow rivers. On
Rhine, where depth was 25 m , the trench was 7 meters deep [28].
Tornadoes may lift and transport people
and animals at 4-10 km distances , sometimes keeping them alive. One inch
mollusks were moved 160 km [26] , but did fell upon the ground one hour
before the cloud’s coming. On June 17,1940 in Meschery village of Gorky
region, Russia tornado poured out about a thousand XIV century silver coins.
The coins were falling from the cloud, but not from the funnel itself.
The treasure was transported at several kilometers and was poured out at
a compact area [28].
Irving 1879 tornado came across a new
railroad bridge 75 m long and weighting 108 tons. It lifted it up and turn
into a roll. When funnel destroyed a large stone school building, the fragments
were rotating fast, but were not thrown out.
A large timber church with 50 people in
it was moved 6 meters, no one was killed. In 1963 a funnel transported
a house with 10 inhabitants at 400 m distance, all stayed alive [28].
The funnel , when it’s not touching the
ground, emits buzzing or hissing noise. Faye [Fa] describes several cases
when tornado was accompanied by ball lightning. Sometime short and wide
sheet lightning surround a funnel. Sometime all the surface of a funnel
shines a strange yellow glow. Sometime observers describe a bluish ball-like
formations like ball lightning, but much larger, visible in a cloud. Sometime
a slowly moving fire columns are seen. [VoM, Vo60,Fr ] . Jones describes
a pulse generator - some center of electric activity looking as a round
bright blue spot in a parent cloud appearing 30-90 minutes before a funnel
[31].
Fig.5.
Under the action of the gravitational field of the Earth a gravitational
charge is accumulated on the thin ends of different objects. It rushes
to the gravitational charge created by the Earth on the surface of a house
or tree. The charge density at some concentration of defects can
be sufficient for a puncturing the firm objects. A charge carrier is carried
along in a made aperture. It's solidity doesn't play any role.
By the same mechanism may be explained the fact why a maple leafe was
found to be pressed in a hard stucco. If one could set a laboratory experiment
for the demonstration of gravitational charges, one can't invent
the better way of manifestation of their effect than in this experiment.
The probability that a board by its end hits
a palm trunk is very small but howerever it differs from zero, but the
probability that all boards pick palms in such a way that a palm
is always in the middle of a board equals to zero.
But if to accept that an equipotential of a gravitational field passes
along a palm, then a hit of a board in a palm and a stop of a board just
in its middle becomes no longer accidental.
The positive gravitational charges originating on
the lower surface of a parent cloud allow to keep and to transport not
only silver coins and Amphibia but also large masses of water extracted
from reservoirs.
The gravitational polarisation of a tornado's column
allows to explain why fast rotated bricks from the destroyed school were
stacked in a high hillock in a center of the area formed by a school
foundation.
The positive gravitational charges originated on the lower end of a column
cause the same polarisation on the earth surface, in this particular case
- in the foundation of the school. The attraction of these
charges has compensated a centrifugal force and gathered all bricks
in a center of a column.
The following chapters are being translated:
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